Stuttgart climate assembly with 24 recommendations
What role does the city of Stuttgart play in climate protection and what measures should Stuttgart take to help achieve the 1.5 degree target of the Paris Climate Agreement? This question was addressed by 61 randomly selected citizens from March to June 2023. On 17 June 2023, they agreed on 24 recommendations.
Proposals on transport and heat
In the area of transport, the recommendations deal, among other things, with the promotion of public transport, walking and cycling. Costs and the availability of parking space are also a focus. Very high approval ratings were given, for example, to the examination and support of freight and goods transport, including the switch to battery-powered electric vehicles. Almost unanimously, the Citizens' Assembly on Climate resolved the recommendation that the city of Stuttgart examine and implement the establishment of so-called "microhubs" at intersections for switching between different forms of mobility. There was insufficient agreement to consider the introduction of a city toll.
In the area of heat, the members of the Citizens' Assembly were largely in agreement. The recommendation that the city publish information on planned heat networks and heat centres at an early stage after heat planning has been completed received particularly high approval ratings. In order to create low-threshold access to refurbishment measures, the Climate Assembly also recommends the establishment of coordination offices for building refurbishments, which analyse, advise and procure standardised material per neighbourhood.
"Climate protection is only possible together with the urban society"
Lord Mayor Dr. Frank Nopper said: "We have to join forces in climate protection, but climate protection must also work in real life. Climate protection does not go against urban society, climate protection only goes together with urban society. That's why we consulted randomly selected citizens. We wanted to find out which measures they consider sensible, necessary and feasible." The Mayor accepted the recommendations at the end of the last session on behalf of the Stuttgart City Council.
The administration has examined all recommendations professionally and in terms of their resource requirements. The recommendations will be discussed in the municipal council on 30 November 2023. The necessary financial and human resources for the implementation of the measures decided on at that time are to be made available for the year 2024.
6,000 Stuttgart residents invited
6,000 Stuttgart residents aged 16 and over, randomly selected from the population register, were invited to take part in the citizens' assembly. Just under 900 interested people had responded. From these applications, an assembly was put together that was a reflection of the population according to age, gender, migration background, education, employment, economic and financial situation, permanent physical or health restrictions and the presence of underage children.
Young people were more strongly represented in the citizens' assembly than in the population as a whole. A total of ten people aged 16 or 17 wete participants in the assembly. The young people were supposed to represent all Stuttgart residents under 18 - including children who were not yet able to participate in discussions.
Six meetings
The 61 assembly participants met for six days between March and June 2023. During this time, they learned everything important about the climate and discussed various recommendations to politicians. Experts and other stakeholders shared their knowledge with the participants.
The experts included marine researcher and climate communicator Dr. Udo Engelhardt and Prof. Dr. Jürgen Baumüller, Honorary Professor of Climatology at the University of Stuttgart. In addition, environmental associations such as BUND contributed their knowledge, as did the Stadtwerke Stuttgart and the Guild of Sanitary, Heating and Air Conditioning Technology Stuttgart.
Recommendations for city council
On 17 July 2023, participants of the citizens' assembly presented the recommendations of the mini-public to members of all parliamentary groups of the Stuttgart City Council. At its meeting on 30 November 2023, the Council thanked the participants of the citizens' assembly for their work. The administration's statement on the recommendations was noted.
Between June and August 2023, the administration examined the 24 recommendations of the citizens' assembly in the form of statements. The comments provided the municipal council with the administration's assessment of the feasibility and legal restrictions. In some cases, alternative proposals were also drawn up that the administration felt would better achieve the participants' objectives. In addition, it was listed how many personnel and financial resources for the implementation of recommendations had already been announced in communication documents for the 2024/2025 budget consultations and how many additional resources would be required to implement the recommendations from the administration's perspective.
Citizens' cafés in the neighbourhoods
From January to March 2024, the city hosted four citizens' cafés on the Citizens' Assembly. The aim of the citizens' cafés was to bring the results of the Stuttgart Citizens' Climate Assembly to the public, to the citizens in the neighbourhoods. Participants were presented with the assembly's 2023 recommendations on the topics of transport and heating. The participants also discussed the significance of the recommendations for their neighbourhoods. They worked together in workshops to develop ideas for concrete implementation of the recommendations in the neighbourhoods.
On 12 April 2024, the city published the opinions of the political groups and parliamentary groups on the recommendations of the Climate Assembly. In these statements, they explain which recommendations they support and which they do not. Support or rejection is explained in each case.
Implementation report of the administration
In summer 2024, the administration had prepared an implementation report on the 24 recommendations of the Citizens‘ Assembly. The administration's assessments of the feasibility and possible legal restrictions were presented to the municipal council together with the statements and the associated data sheets. In some cases, the administration had also developed alternative proposals that would better achieve the participants’ goals from the administration's point of view.
In addition, it was stated how many personnel and financial resources for the implementation of recommendations had already been registered in notification templates for the 2024/2025 budget deliberations and how many resources were additionally needed from the administration's point of view to implement the recommendations.
Annual review of implementation
The current status of implementation of the recommendations of the Citizens' Assembly on Climate (after the adoption of the 2024/2025 double budget) was summarised in a report. This report presents the planning status for the implementation of the recommendations. In addition to the budgetary resources and personnel positions provided in the 2024/2025 double budget, the content of the individual recommendations is also described, additional/accompanying measures are listed, and a comparison is made with the recommendations.
The administration will regularly monitor the implementation status of the recommendations of the mini-public. This review will take place annually together with the 2023 action plan “Sustainable and Innovative Mobility in Stuttgart” and the budget and personnel resources provided with the mobility budget package.
Net-zero by 2035
In July 2022, the city council decided that Stuttgart should reach net-zero by 2035. Therefore, the citizens' assembly was to focus on two particularly difficult sub-questions:
1. what steps should Stuttgart take to achieve a net-zero heat supply?
2. what steps should Stuttgart take to achieve net-zero mobility? What impact does mobility have on road space?
Justification of the issues
Many people were affected by high heating costs in the winter of 2022/23 and wondered how they can change this situation. At the same time, heating buildings produces a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions, which Stuttgart must quickly reduce in the coming years, it says in justification of addressing the issue of heat supply.
If a net-zero heat supply is to be established, questions arise about areas and technology, about the effects of the conversion and those affected by it, and about how the costs, but also the benefits, of the conversion can be fairly distributed.
Acceptable solutions
On the subject of mobility, it is said that space is needed on the roads for climate-friendly means of transport and for climate adaptation. Among other things, this raises the question: For which use of road space should there be how much space in view of the climate issue? And if there is not enough space, how do we deal with roadside parking, for example?
The citizens are on the move in the street space every day and therefore have a high interest in the topic, which is also expressed in strong opinions and emotional reactions. Therefore, it would be an opportunity to deal with the issue in more detail in the climate assembls in order to obtain solutions that the majority of people would accept and welcome.
Procedure laid down in policy paper
In the eleven-page "Principles for the Climate Assembly Stuttgart" the procedure of the assembly was laid down in detail. Thus it can be read there that the dates of the citizens' assembly must be suitable for most people. "People with disabilities are given special support. If needed, there are also offers for care or childcare for relatives of participants who need to be looked after during this time. Experts are encouraged and, if possible, selected to present in language that is easy to understand. There will also be an expense allowance paid to all members of the assembly," it continues.
The citizens' assembly was led by an independent coordination, which was responsible for preparing the procedure, developing the agenda, inviting experts and moderators and more. The mini public was moderated by the Stuttgart-based communications office Ulmer, and carried out by the associated company Ifok. The Fraunhofer Institute evaluates the citizens' assembly and writes a final report. The climate assembly costs totalling 293,000 euros are borne by the city of Stuttgart.
Implementation of citizens' assembly thanks to citizens' initiative
The implementation of the citizens' assembly is thanks to a citizens' initiative. In 2021, the "Initiative Bürger*innenrat Klima für Stuttgart" (Climate Assembly Initiative Stuttgart) had collected more than 2,500 signatures for a residents' motion on this issue. In December 2021, the city council followed the motion with a resolution to hold such a mini-public.